RNA is used to transmit genetic information in some organisms and may have been the molecule used to store genetic blueprints in primitive organisms. Some RNAs are very short lived while others have somewhat longer life.įunctions:Long-term storage of genetic information transmission of genetic information to make other cells and new organisms.įunctions:Used to transfer the genetic code from the nucleus to the ribosomes to make proteins. The quantity of RNA of a cell is variable. ![]() Three different types of RNA: m-RNA, t-RNA and r-RNA. RNA is not stable under alkaline conditions, plus the large grooves in the molecule make it susceptible to enzyme attack.ĭNA is only two types: intra nuclear and extra nuclear. The O-H bond in the ribose of RNA makes the molecule more reactive, compared with DNA. This Biochemistry video tutorial provides a basic introduction into nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA. The small grooves in the helix also serve as protection, providing minimal space for enzymes to attach. Nucleic Acids - RNA and DNA Structure - Biochemistry. The C-H bonds in DNA make it fairly stable, plus the body destroys enzymes that would attack DNA. Hydrogen bonds are formed between complementary nitrogen bases of the opposite strands (A-T, C-G).īase pairing through hydrogen bonds, occurs in the coiled parts.ĭNA is found in the nucleus of a cell and in mitochondria.ĭepending on the type of RNA, this molecule is found in a cell’s nucleus, its cytoplasm, and its ribosome. ![]() There is no proportionality in between the number of Purine and Pyrimidine bases.Ĭompared with DNA, RNA is relatively resistant to UV damage. Purine and Pyrimidine bases are equal in number. RNA is synthesized from DNA on an as-needed basis.īase Pairing :AT (adenine-thymine)GC (guanine-cytosine).īase Pairing :AU (adenine-uracil)GC (guanine-cytosine). The bases present in RNA are adenine, guanine, cytosine and uracil. The bases present in DNA are adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine. RNA usually is a single-strand helix consisting of shorter chains of nucleotides. The helix geometry of DNA is of B-Form (A or Z also present).ĭNA is a double-stranded molecule consisting of a long chain of nucleotides. The sugar portion of DNA is 2-Deoxyribose. S.N.ĭNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid. The human genome is made of 3.2 billion bases of DNA but other organisms have different genome sizes.Here are 17 differences between DNA and RNA.This double helix structure was first discovered by Francis Crick and James Watson with the help of Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins.The strands are separated during DNA replication.EDTA can be used to prevent degradation of DNA and RNA and to inactivate. The two strands run in the opposite direction (antiparallel) to each other so that one runs 5’ to 3’ and one runs 3’ to 5’, they are called the sense strand and the antisense strand, respectively. EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) is a chelating agent that binds divalent.T) but in one-letter amino acid code this letter is used as abbreviation for only one. Each strand of DNA has a beginning and an end, called 5’ (five prime) and 3’ (three prime) respectively. descriptions at DNA, RNA and protein level are clearly different.Each base pair is joined together by hydrogen bonds.The bases always pair together in the same way, A with T, C with G.The bases on one strand of the DNA molecule pair together with complementary bases on the opposite strand of DNA to form the ‘rungs’ of the DNA ‘ladder’.Each strand is composed of long sequences of the four bases, A, C, G and T. ![]() An illustration to show the double helix structure of DNA.
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